What is CPR?

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation or CPR or call ” resuscitation” is a practice or first aid for those. Who have stopped breathing or their heart has stopped beating to restore the circulatory system that suddenly stopped working and allow the heart to beat normally without brain damage and prevent tissues from being permanently damaged by lack of oxygen.

Basic life-saving steps

1. First check if the patient is unconscious by gently shaking them or calling them in a loud voice and patting them on both shoulders.
2. If the patient is conscious and breathing on their own, place them in a sideways position. However, if they are still not breathing, call the hotline 1669 for help. 
3. Assess the patient’s condition. If unconscious, place him/her on his/her back on a hard surface and immediately perform CPR.
4. If an AED is available, turn it on and remove the patient’s shirt to place the AED pads or conductive pads below the right collarbone and left rib cage. Do not touch the patient.
5. Press the shock button and perform chest compressions immediately after shocking. If the machine does not send a shock, continue chest compressions.
6. Continue chest compressions, perform CPR, and follow AED instructions until rescuers arrive.
7. Transfer the patient to the rescue team for further transport to the hospital.

How to perform CPR correctly

          The important steps in performing CPR are to use the C – A – B principle. Which is to press the chest (C) 30 times – open the airway (A) – breathe (B) 2 times. The steps in performing CPR are as follows: 

C – Chest compression  is a chest compression. That pumps the heart to help the injured person get blood flowing in the body again. The steps are: 

• Position the injured person on their ทางเข้า ufabet back on a flat, hard surface, without using a pillow to support their head.
• Place your index and middle fingers at the point where your ribs meet the lowest part of your breastbone. Place the heel of your other hand on top of the other finger, just below the index and middle fingers. This is the correct position for performing CPR.
• Place your dominant hand on top of the correctly positioned hand. Extend and interlace the fingers of both hands together. Keep your arms straight and perpendicular to the person. Rest your weight on your arms as you compress the chest. Compress at least 1.5 to 2 inches (3.5 cm) deep for adults and at least ⅓ of the way into the chest (about 1 to 1.5 inches) for children.
• Count the number of times pressed to achieve a constant, that is, 1 and 2 and 3 and 4, pressing every time you count the number and releasing it when the word “and” is alternately pressed to a rate of at least 100 times/minute. If it is less than this, it will not work.
• The chest should be compressed 30 times, alternating with 2 breaths , and there should be at least 2 rescuers to take turns performing CPR for maximum effectiveness. 

A – Airway  is to open the airway. 

In an unconscious injured person, the base of the tongue and larynx will fall down and block the upper airway. We must open it, which is:

• Clear your mouth first. Check your mouth and throat for foreign objects such as food particles, blood, phlegm, or dentures. Use a finger wrap to sweep and wipe them out. 
• If the injured person has no head or neck injuries, tilt the chin up and push the forehead up ( Head tilt – chin lift ).
• Or if it is suspected that the injured person has a cervical spine injury, pull both jaws upwards and have the rescuer hold them above the injured person’s head ( Jaw thrust). 

B – Breathing   is to help with breathing 

by maintaining sufficient oxygen levels and expelling carbon dioxide gas. You must quickly press the chest 30 times and help breathe 2 times according to the formula. The breathing assistance is as follows:

• Mouth-to -mouth method: The rescuer takes a deep breath and places his mouth on the injured person’s mouth tightly. Pinch the nose with your fingers and inhale air into the lungs at a normal volume, blowing for about 5 seconds or 12 times/minute. 
• Mouth-to-nose method: In cases where the injured person has a sore mouth or is a small child, cover the injured person’s mouth and breathe into the injured person’s nose instead. Perform rescue breathing for 5-6 seconds/time or 10-12 times/minute.